International Association of Hydrological Sciences

Groundwater Quality:

Natural and Enhanced Restoration of Groundwater Pollution

edited by Steven F. Thornton & Sascha E. Oswald

IAHS Publication no. 275 (publishedAugust 2002) in the IAHS Series of Proceedings and Reports

ISBN 1-901502-86-4; 604 + xii pp.; price £82.50

The need to develop innovative and cost-effective methods to clean up polluted groundwater is urgent. Many engineered technologies available for groundwater remediation are costly and often impractical, particularly in urban settings or complex industrial sites. A more practical approach is required. Restoration using monitored and enhanced natural attenuation, stimulated by success in remediating petroleum hydrocarbon spills, has received significant attention in recent years, as a cost-effective, risk-based, low intensity technology for in situ treatment of contaminated land and groundwater. This volume addresses the current shift of focus towards developing and understanding natural attenuation of a wider range of contaminants.

The 88 papers included are a peer-reviewed selection from presentations at the international GQ2001 conference (Sheffield, UK), which provided a forum for discussion of the newest advances in research on natural and enhanced restoration of pollutants in soils and groundwater. Site characterization and remediation strategies using state-of-the-art techniques, field-scale demonstration of treatment technologies, fundamental understanding of natural attenuation processes in the subsurface and their application in remediation design, reactive barrier design and performance, and reactive transport modelling of natural attenuation processes were particular themes and are covered in this volume.

Steve Thornton & Sascha Oswald
Preface, v-vi

Site Characterization
- C. Rentier, S. Brouyere & A. Dassargues
  Integrating geophysical and tracer test data for accurate solute transport modelling in heterogeneous porous media, 3-10
- Carl G. Enfield, A. Lynn Wood, Michael C. Brooks & Michael D. Annable
  Interpreting tracer data to forecast remedial performance, 11-16
- M. Piepenbrink, T. Ptak & P. Grathwohl
  Natural gradient partitioning and interfacial tracer tests for NAPL source zone characterization at a former coal gasification plant, 17-23
- Kirk Hatfield, Michael D. Annable, Suzannah Kuhn, P. Suresh C. Rao & Tim Campbell
  A new method for quantifying contaminant flux at hazardous waste sites, 25-31
- U. O. Kleinert, K. A. Stagg, J. H. Tellam & J. W. Lloyd
  A scoping study of the use of colloids in evaluating low concentration inorganic pollutants in pumped groundwaters, 33-39
- P. Höhener, D. Werner, C. Balsiger & G. Pasteris
  Occurrence and fate of chlorofluorocarbon plumes in groundwater, 41-47
- H.-J. Albrechtsen, P. G. Pedersen & L. Ludvigsen
  Are bioassays useful tools to assess redox processes and biodegradation ? 49-55
- B. A. Bekins, I. M. Cozzarelli, E. Warren & E. M. Godsy
  Microbial ecology of a crude oil contaminated aquifer, 57-63
- M. A. Czerewko, J. C. Cripps, C. C. Smith & G. M. Williams
  The impact of contaminated land on groundwater quality in the Wolverhampton conurbation (UK), 65-70
- P. A. Ellis, M. O. Rivett, J. E. Henstock, J. W. Dowle, R. Mackay, R. S. Ward & R. C. Harris
  Impacts of contaminated groundwater on urban river quality—Birmingham, UK, 71-77
- Patricia Fernandes Alves & John H. Tellam
  The impact of horse dung on urban groundwater quality in the Birmingham Triassic sandstone aquifer, UK, 79-84
- M. Hionidi, A. Panagopoulos, I. Koumantakis & K. Voudouris
  Groundwater quality considerations related to artificial recharge to the aquifer of the Korinthos Prefecture, Greece, 85-90
- K. L. Powell, A. A. Cronin, S. Pedley & M. H. Barrett
  Microbiological quality of groundwater in UK urban aquifers: do we know enough ? 91-99
- Richard Swannell, Sarah MacNaughton, Gordon Lethbridge, Chris Neaville & Alwyn Hart
  SIReN: the site for innovative research into monitored natural attenuation, 97-99
Natural Attenuation Processes
- F. A. Blaine, J. F. Barker & M. W. G. King
  The longer-term behaviour of selected coal tar organics from a natural gradient, emplaced source experiment, CFB Borden, 103-106
- T. H. Christensen, A. Baun, L. Ask, A. Ledin & P. L. Bjerg
  Attenuation processes in the Vejen Landfill leachate plume—10 years on, 107-112
- E. J. Weber, J. F. Kenneke & L. A. Hoferkamp
  Reactivity of chemical reductants as a function of redox zonation, 113-118
- Michael L. McCormick, Peter T. Jung, Paul G. Koster Van Groos, Kim F. Hayes, Peter Adriaens, Erik Petrovskis & Karen L. Skubal
  Assessing biotic and abiotic contributions to chlorinated solvent transformation in iron-reducing and sulphidogenic environments, 119-125
- N. P. Nikolaidis & H. A. Hellerich
  Natural restoration of heavy metal contaminated soils: the role of interfacial processes, 127-132
- Arturo A. Keller, Patricia A. Holden & Alicia M. Wilson
  Modelling the seasonal variation in bioavailability and the Rate of Natural Attenuation of residual NAPL in the vadose zone, 133-139
- Peter Grathwohl, Ingo D. Klenk, Uli Maier & Sayonara B. F. Reckhorn
  Natural attenuation of volatile hydrocarbons in the unsaturated zone and shallow groundwater plumes: scenario-specific modelling and laboratory experiments, 141-146
- Jürgen Dermietzel & Gernot Christoph
  The release of pollutants from aged field sediments, 147-151
- K. A. Evans & S. A. Banwart
  Surface observations applied to the interpretation of unsaturated column experiments, 153-158
- R. J. Freewood, J. C. Cripps & C. C. Smith
  Leachate attenuation characteristics of colliery spoils, 159-164
- T. Hofmann
  An overview of factors influencing the colloid/particle favoured relocation of contaminants, 165-168
- I. Jones & D. N. Lerner
  Natural attenuation of remnant coking liquor contamination from a deep unsaturated zone, 169-174
- Xiaoxia Lu, Guanghe Li, Shu Tao, John A. Dijk, Tom N. P. Bosma & Jan Gerritse
  Role of electron acceptors and donors in the breakdown of chlorinated hydrocarbons, 175-179
- A. O. Odutola & K. P. Walsh
  Sorption mechanism of organic compounds in karst: SOM or HSACM dependent ? 181-186
- P. G. Pedersen, N. P. Arildskov & H.-J. Albrechtsen
  Atrazine removal in Danish anaerobic aquifers, 187-191
- K. A. Shepherd, M. O. Rivett & R. G. R. Mitchener
  Organic contaminant sorption in Triassic sandstone deposits, Birmingham, UK, 193-198
- N. Tuxen, A. L. Højberg, M. M. Broholm, H.-J. Albrechtsen & P. L. Bjerg
  Natural attenuation of herbicides: importance of growth-based degradation, 199-204
- G. P. Wealthall, Steven S. F. Thornton and & David. N. Lerner
  Assessing the transport and natural attenuation fate of MTBE-amended petroleum hydrocarbons in the Chalk aquifer, UK, 205-211
- D. Werner & P. Höhener
  The influence of water table fluctuations on the volatilization of contaminants from groundwater, 213-218
- Youxian Wu, S. A. Banwart, S. F. Thornton & D. N. Lerner
  Microbial production of fatty acids in phenol-contaminated groundwater and its significance in subsurface bioremediation, 219-224
- S. Chompusri, M. O. Rivett & R. Mackay
  LNAPL redistribution on a fluctuating water table: column experiments, 225-231
Natural Attenuation Applications
- J. F. Devlin, M. McMaster, D. Katic & J. F. Barker
  Evaluating natural attenuation in a controlled field experiment by mass balances, flux fences and snapshots: a comparison of results, 245-250
- R. W. Pickup, H. E. H. Mallinson, G. Rhodes, M. L. Alamillo, S. F. Thornton & D. N. Lerner
  A phenol-contaminated groundwater site: a microbiological perspective, 251-256
- M. Bayer-Raich, R. Baumann & T. Ptak
  Estimation of contaminant mass flows in a multi-layered aquifer using pumping tests: numerical experiments at field-scale, 257-263
- L. Bouw, S. M. Hassanizadeh & A. Leijnse
  Multiphase flow and enhanced biodegradation of dense non-aqueous phase liquids: experimental design, 265-270
- S. P. Burke & S. A. Banwart
  Using Fe(II) adsorption and surface-catalysed oxidation for Fe(II) removal from predicted mine water discharges, 271-275
- W. Huang, D. N. Lerner, C. C. Smith & S. F. Thornton
  A non-invasive imaging technique to investigate solute transport in porous media, 277-282
- D. Hunkeler, B. J. Butler, R. Aravena & J. F. Barker
  Stable isotope ratios as a tool to assess biodegradation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), 283-286
- C. D. Johnston, S. Fisher & J. L. Rayner
  Removal of petroleum hydrocarbons from the vadose zone during multi-phase extraction at a contaminated industrial site, 287-293
- G. M. Williams, I. Harrison, D. J. Noy, O. Crowley & R. Kalin
  The use of enantiomeric ratios to identify natural attenuation of mecoprop in the Lincolnshire Limestone, 295-300
In Situ Remediation
- Linda M. Abriola, Chad D. Drummond, Lawrence D. Lemke, Klaus M. Rathfelder, Kurt D. Pennell, Erik Petrovskis & Gary Daniels
  Surfactant enhanced aquifer remediation: application of mathematical models in the design and evaluation of a pilot-scale test, 303-309
- Stephen Leharne & Jingfeng Dong
  Investigations of surfactant facilitated removal of coal tar contaminants from manufactured gas works soils, 311-317
- P. L. McCarty
  Strategies for in situ bioremediation of chlorinated solvent contaminated groundwater, 319-324
- J. M. Lendvay, M. J. Barcelona, G. Daniels, M. Dollhopf, B. Z. Fathepure, M. Gebhard, R. Heine, R. Hickey, F. Löffler, C. L. Major Jr, E. Petrovskis, J. Shi, J. Tiedje & P. Adriaens
  Plume control using bioaugmentation with halorespiring microorganisms, 325-332
- D. M. Mackay, R. D. Wilson, C. Naas, I. Wood, K. Scow, A. Smith, D. Gandhi, K. Hristova, B. Watanabe & M. Einarson
  In situ treatment of MTBE-contaminated groundwater at two sites in California, 333-339
- S. A. Jackman, C. J. Knowles, G. Maini, A. K. Sharman & J. G. Sunderland
  The use of electrokinetics as a tool to investigate bioavailability, 341-346
- B. M. Patterson, G. B. Davis, M. E. Grassi & A. J. McKinley
  Polymer mats for reactive/sorptive barrier remediation of diverse contaminants in groundwater, 347-352
- A. P. Butler, A. Shields, H. S. Wheater, J. N. B. Bell, J. R. Mason, S. Smith & A. D. G. Jones
  Performance assessment of the phased remediation of a former gas manufacturing plant, 353-359
- K. Arnerdal & I. Neretnieks
  Soil remediation using an electrokinetic method, 361-367
- P. Morgan, D. W. Major, M. L. McMaster, E. E. Cox, E. Hendrickson, E. Edwards & S. Dworatzek
  Successful field demonstration of bioaugmentation to degrade PCE and TCE to ethene, 369-374
Permeable Reactive Barriers
- J. F. Barker
  MNA and in situ reactive barrier approaches for groundwater contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons, 377-382
- T. Bigg & S. J. Judd
  Reductive degradation of azo dyes in aqueous solution by zero-valent iron, 383-390
- R. Bhattacharyya, D. Chatterjee, G. Jacks & S. S. De Dalal
  Technique for arsenic removal from groundwater utilizing geological options—an innovative low cost remediation, 391-396
- J. Dries, L. Bastiaens, D. Springael, L. Diels & S. N. Agathos
  Kinetics of trichloroethene (TCE) reduction by zero-valent iron: effect of medium composition, 397-402
- Lai Gui & Robert W. Gillham
  Evaluating the performance of palladium-plated granular iron for reductive dechlorination of TCE, 403-408
- P. Kjeldsen & T. Locht
  Removal of chromate in a permeable reactive barrier using zero-valent iron, 409-414
- H. Slenders, M. van Eekert, H. Rijnaarts, J. Ter Meer, T. Verheij, P. Verhaagen & J. Theeuwen
  Enhanced microbial dechlorination of chloroethenes and chloroethanes: from laboratory tests to application in a bioscreen, 415-420
- Robert W. Gillham, Kaylene Ritter, Yousheng Zhang & Marek S. Odziemkowski
  Factors in the long-term performance of granular iron PRBs, 421-426
- P. G. Tratnyek, R. Miehr & J. Z. Bandstra
  Kinetics of reduction of TNT by iron metal, 427-433
- R. Köber, D. Schäfer, M. Ebert & A. Dahmke
  Coupled in situ reactors using Fe0 and activated carbon for the remediation of complex contaminant mixtures in groundwater, 435-439
- D. Schäfer, R. Köber, M. Ebert & A. Dahmke
  Numerical modelling of the simultaneous degradation of TCE and cis-DCE by zero-valent iron, 441-445
- J. Dries, L. Bastiaens, D. Springael, L. Diels & S. N. Agathos
  Combined removal of chlorinated ethenes and heavy metals in zero-valent iron systems, 447-452
Flow and Transport Modelling
- B. H. Kueper & D. A. Reynolds
  DNAPL migration through interbedded clay-sand sequences, 455-461
- Chunmiao Zheng & Steven M. Gorelick
  Solute transport in flow fields influenced by decimetre-scale preferential flow paths: implications for groundwater remediation, 463-469
- Sten Berglund, Vladimir Cvetkovic & Roy Haggerty
  Natural attenuation in heterogeneous aquifers: combined effect of biodegradation and rate-limited mass transfer, 471-478
- K. Ulrich Mayer, S. G. Benner, E. O. Frind, S. F. Thornton & D. N. Lerner
  Multicomponent reactive transport modelling of natural attenuation in a phenol-contaminated sandstone aquifer, 479-484
- O. A. Cirpka & P. K. Kitanidis
  Travel-time based model of bioremediation using circulation wells, 485-492
- E. Bozau & G. Strauch
  Groundwater flow into mining lakes, 493-499
- C. Domènech, C. Ayora, M. W. Saaltink & J. Carrera
  Modelling the oxidation of residual sulphide tailings in soil near Aznalcóllar (southwest Spain), 501-506
- H. Geistlinger, D. Lazik, D. Eisermann & H. Weiss
  Process modelling of oxygen supply for aerobic biodegradation in the presence of an oxygen bubble wall, 507-512
- H. Geistlinger, D. Lazik, A. Beckmann & G. Krauss
  Experimental and theoretical investigations of oxygen phase transfer, 513-518
- Georg J. Houben
  Natural attenuation of common agricultural and atmospheric pollutants: reactive transport of nitrate, potassium and aluminium in sandy sediments of northwestern Germany, 519-524
- I. Jones, D. N. Lerner & S. F. Thornton
  A modelling feasibility study of hydraulic manipulation: a groundwater restoration concept for reluctant contaminant plumes, 525-531
- J. W. Molson, J. F. Barker, E. O. Frind & M. Schirmer
  Simulating natural attenuation and ethanol-induced benzene persistence in gasoline-contaminated aquifers, 533-537
- H. Ramajo, J. Jodar, J. Carrera & S. Olivella
  Conceptualization of gas tracer tests within a fracture, 539-546
- X. Sanchez-Vila & Y. Rubin
  Transport in heterogeneous media: modelling mass-transfer rate-limited processes by means of temporal moments, 547-552
- G. M. Williams, D. J. Noy & R. D. Ogilvy
  Groundwater flow from disused landfills in the UK Chalk, 553-558
Integrated Technologies and Decision Making
- Ramiro Rodríguez, Aurora Armienta, Joel Berlin & J. Angel Mejia
  Arsenic and lead pollution of the Salamanca aquifer, Mexico: origin, mobilization and restoration alternatives, 561-565
- M. Schirmer, M. Effenberger & H. Weiss
  The impact of the gasoline additive methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) on groundwater: a German perspective, 567-570
- P. Suresh C. Rao, James W. Jawitz, Carl G. Enfield, Ronald W. Falta Jr, Michael D. Annable & A. Lynn Wood
  Technology integration for contaminated site remediation: clean-up goals and performance criteria, 571-578
- J. A. Palmer, A. J. Oliver & I. S. Cameron-Clarke
  Containment of groundwater contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons, Umbogintwini Industrial Complex, South Africa, 579-584
- P. L. Younger & S. A. Banwart
  Time-scale issues in the remediation of pervasively-contaminated groundwaters at abandoned mine sites, 585-591
- S. J. Appleyard, K. MacIntyre & B. Dobson
  Protecting "Living Water": involving Western Australian Aboriginal communities in the management of groundwater quality issues, 593-599
Key Word Index, 601-604

Groundwater Quality:

Natural and Enhanced Restoration of Groundwater Pollution edited by Steven F. Thornton & Sascha E. Oswald

Contents

Natural and Enhanced Restoration of Groundwater Pollution

edited by Steven F. Thornton & Sascha E. Oswald